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Compare Norfolk Island (2005) - Brunei (2002)

Compare Norfolk Island (2005) z Brunei (2002)

 Norfolk Island (2005)Brunei (2002)
 Norfolk IslandBrunei
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure 0-14 years: 20.2%


15-64 years: 63.9%


65 years and over: 15.9% (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 30.2% (male 54,038; female 51,833)


15-64 years: 67% (male 125,051; female 110,257)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,609; female 5,110) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports 1 (2004 est.) 2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 34.6 sq km


land: 34.6 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Delaware
Background Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries.
Birth rate NA 20.06 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $20 million


expenditures: $20 million, including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)
revenues: $2.5 billion


expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital Kingston Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline 32 km 161 km
Constitution Norfolk Island Act of 1979 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island


conventional short form: Norfolk Island
conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei
Currency - Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate NA 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external NA $0
Dependency status territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador PUTEH ibni Mohammad Alam


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international none Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984, but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs
Economic aid - recipient NA $4.3 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 2.065 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production NA kWh 2.22 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues NA seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements - party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000) Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003)


head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator


elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 Ocotber 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00) $3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA


industry: NA


services: NA
agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - NA purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA 3% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 02 S, 167 57 E 4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports - 3 (2002)
Highways total: 80 km


paved: 53 km


unpaved: 27 km (2001)
total: 1,712 km


paved: 1,284 km


unpaved: 428 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) $1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities NA machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999)
Independence none (territory of Australia) 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA 4% (1997 est.)
Industries tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
13.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA 1% (1999 est.)
International organization participation UPU APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force 1,345 143,400 (1999 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel


note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 90%, subsistence agriculture 10% government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)


elections: last held in March 1962


note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
total population: 74.06 years


male: 71.68 years


female: 76.56 years (2002 est.)
Literacy NA definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.2%


male: 92.6%


female: 83.4% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references Oceania Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT


ships by type: liquefied gas 7


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: United Kingdom 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia -
Military branches - Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $343 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 5.1% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 108,921 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 62,864 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 3,005 (2002 est.)
National holiday Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun: Norfolk Islander(s)


adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards typhoons (especially May to July) typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare
Natural resources fish petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate NA 3.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km
Political parties and leaders none Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders none NA
Population 1,828 (July 2005 est.) 350,898 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate -0.01% (2005 est.) 2.06% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 329,000 (1998)
Railways - total: 13 km (private line)


narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census) Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio NA at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal none
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: free local calls


international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
general assessment: service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia


domestic: every service available


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) 79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002) 43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005) 2 (1997)
Terrain volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate NA 2.4 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 10% (2001 est.)
Waterways - 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
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